Symptoms
Trouble getting an erection even with adequate sexual stimulation.
Inability to keep an erection firm enough for sexual activity.
Decreased interest in sexual activities.
Causes
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hormonal imbalances (low testosterone), and neurological conditions.
Stress, anxiety, depression, and relationship issues.
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity.
Side effects of drugs used to treat other conditions, such as antihypertensives, antidepressants, and antihistamines.
Risk Factors
Higher prevalence with advancing age.
Diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.
Smoking, excessive alcohol use, and lack of exercise.
Stress, anxiety, and depression.
Investigations
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To identify underlying causes and risk factors.
To check for hormonal imbalances, diabetes, and cardiovascular health.
Psychological Assessment: To identify psychological factors contributing to ED.
Penile Doppler Ultrasound: To evaluate blood flow and vascular health in the penis.
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Management
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors (PDE5i): Sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra) to enhance erectile function.
Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, losing weight, and increasing physical activity.
Therapy for anxiety, depression, or relationship issues contributing to ED.
Mechanical devices to help achieve and maintain an erection.
Surgical insertion of inflatable or malleable prosthetic devices into the penis for men with severe or refractory ED.
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