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Symptoms
Small amounts of urine leaking when you laugh, sneeze, cough, or exercise
Many individuals become self-conscious about sudden leakage, sometimes limiting social or physical activities
Some people experience leakage only during high-impact activities (e.g., running), while others may have leakage from mild movements like standing up.
Causes
Conditions like Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.
Detrusor muscle in the bladder contracts inappropriately.
Diuretics and drugs affecting bladder function.
Caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.
Risk Factors
Vaginal deliveries can stretch or weaken pelvic structures.
Reduced estrogen levels may decrease urethral support.
Excess weight increases pressure on the bladder.
Conditions like smoking-related cough or bronchitis strain the pelvic floor.
Surgeries (e.g., hysterectomy) can impact support tissues.
Investigations
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Evaluate symptoms, review lifestyle, check pelvic floor integrity.
To rule out infections or other causes.
Bladder Diary: Record of fluid intake, urination times, and urine volumes.
Urodynamic Testing: Measures bladder pressure and urine flow.
Cytoscopy: Visual inspection to rule out anatomical abnormalities.
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Management
Weight management, fluid moderation, smoking cessation
Physical Therapy: Biofeedback or electrical stimulation to enhance muscle tone.
Pelvic Floor Exercises: Strengthening pelvic muscles to improve control.
Mid-Urethral Sling: A minimally invasive procedure where a narrow synthetic mesh tape is placed under the urethra to provide support and reduce urine leakage.
Bladder Neck Suspension: An operation that elevates and secures the bladder neck to prevent stress-related urine leakage.
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