Symptoms
Sudden, strong need to urinate.
Urinating more than eight times in 24 hours.
Waking up at night multiple times to urinate.
Involuntary loss of urine after feeling a sudden urge to urinate.
Causes
Conditions like Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.
Detrusor muscle in the bladder contracts inappropriately.
Diuretics and drugs affecting bladder function.
Caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.
Risk Factors
Bladder muscles weaken with age.
Affects bladder nerve function.
Increases pressure on the bladder.
Hormonal changes affecting bladder function.
Investigations
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Detailed record of urinary habits and symptoms.
To rule out infections or blood in urine.
Bladder Diary: Record of fluid intake, urination times, and urine volumes.
Urodynamic Testing: Measures bladder pressure and urine flow.
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Management
Injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) to relax the bladder muscles and reduce overactivity.
Anticholinergics: To relax bladder muscles.
Beta-3 Agonists: To relax the bladder and increase storage capacity.
Bladder Training: Scheduled urination to control urges.
Pelvic Floor Exercises: Strengthening pelvic muscles to improve control.
Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, managing fluid consumption.
Neuromodulation: Electrical stimulation of nerves controlling bladder function.
Cystectomy: Removal of the bladder in severe, refractory cases.
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